Tutorial Program, Sunday, November 8^th

All tutorials are 3.0 hours in length.

You may register for one in the morning and/or the afternoon. There is a participant limit for each tutorial, so be sure to register early for your desired tutorials. At the latest, you must sign up at the registration desk 30 min before the lecture starts on November 8th

All Tutorial materials will be distributed at the beginning of each tutorial session upon presentation of your ticket.

Check in at the PVSEC-19 on-site registration counter on the fourth floor of the ICC Jeju on Sunday starting at 7am.

Tutorial Options

Tutorial Details

Tutorial 1 : Polycrystalline Thin Film Solar Cells, 09:00 AM ~ 12:00 noon, Nov. 8^th

Course Description
Thin film solar cells using alloys of CuInSe2 and CdTe have long been viewed as a promising technology for PV based on high efficiencies at the laboratory scale and the low cost potential of thin film processing. With Cu(InGa)Se2 and CdTe cell efficiencies of 20% and 16.5 % and large area module efficiencies over 13% and 10% respectively, there is a rapidly growing worldwide effort to increase production of polycrystalline thin film PV.

Some of the properties of these polycrystalline thin films that make them particularly suitable for PV include the near-ideal bandgap of CdTe or the ability to control the bandgap through alloying of CuInSe2-materials, high optical absorption coefficients, the electrically benign nature of the grain boundaries that enable films with micron-sized grains to be used, and tolerance to defects and impurities. This tutorial will provide a description of the Cu(InGa)Se2 and CdTe materials, the core technologies used for deposition, cell and module fabrication, and characterization. This will include:

• The unique materials properties that distinguish Cu(InGa)Se2 and CdTe from other semiconductors.
• Basic structures and design aspects of Cu(InGa)Se2 and CdTe solar cells.
• Deposition processes used for Cu(InGa)Se2, CdTe and the CdS emitter layer and approaches to scale-up for manufacturing.
• Choices for substrates including glass and flexible materials.
• Back contact and post-deposition processing for CdTe.
• Module fabrication including monolithic integration.
• Device behavior including the identification and quantification of loss mechanisms.
• Bandgap variation with CuInSe2- and CdTe-based alloys and prospects for tandem solar cells for higher efficiency.

Tutorial 2 : Heterojunction crystalline silicon solar cells, 09:00 AM ~ 12:00 noon, Nov. 8^th

Course Description
Low temperature heterojunction (HJ) formation is a promising technology for high efficiency crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), silicon carbon (a-Si1-xCx:H) and silicon oxide (a-Si1-xOx:H) show excellent surface passivation quality for c-Si. This tutorial gives an introduction to the HJ-c-Si solar cells. Basics of the HJ-c-Si solar cells, device simulations, deposition techniques, characterization techniques and new materials for HJ-c-Si solar cells will be discussed.

Instructor Biography
Dr. Shinsuke Miyajima is presently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Physical Electronics at Tokyo Institute of Technology. He received his Ph.D degree in physical electronics from Tokyo Institute of Technology. His research topics are heterojunction crystalline silicon solar cells and multi-junction Si-based thin film solar cells.

Tutorial 3 : Reliability, Standards and Certification of Photovoltaic Modules, 09:00 AM ~ 12:00 noon, Nov. 8^th

Joseph Kuitche
TUV Rheinland PTL, LLC., Arizona, U.S.A

Course Description
One of the primary drivers for the lower LCOE (levelized cost of energy) of photovoltaics (PV) is the reliability. The design of photovoltaic modules has constantly been modified over the last 30 years to improve the reliability and to reduce the cost of materials and construction. Still, there is a great need for the reliability research to predict the lifetime or identify the ultimate failure modes of PV modules. This tutorial offers an overview on the reliability, standards and certification of PV modules. Photovoltaic modules are currently tested and certified for performance and safety as per national and international standards. This tutorial aims to cover various aspects of reliability and standards of PV modules including: standards and standards’ organizations; certification requirements; history of reliability testing; failure rates in the qualification testing; performance degradation rates in the field; differences between per formance testing, qualification testing and reliability testing; differences between performance, reliability and safety standards; limitations of qualification testing; scope and testing methodologies of various test standards; intra-laboratory repeatability and inter-laboratory reproducibility of various measurements; spectral influence of natural sunlight on the outdoor performance measurements; challenges in the performance measurements and qualification testing of thin-film and concentrator photovoltaic modules; various failure modes and mechanisms in the accelerated stress testing and field testing; physical models for module reliability analysis; and an extensive analysis on the statistical reliability models.

Instructor Biography
Dr. Govindasamy (Mani) TamizhMani: Dr. Mani is a professor in the Department of Electronic Engineering Technology at Arizona State University (ASU), the former director of ASU-Photovoltaic Testing Laboratory (ASU-PTL) and the current president of TUV Rheinland PTL, LLC. Dr. Mani has been involved in R&D activities related to photovoltaics and fuel cells for over 25 years, and photovoltaic module testing and certification activities for over 10 years. He has been involved in test standards’ development activities since 1996. He has served or has been serving as a member of various standards committees including Canadian Standards Council, IEEE, IEC and ASTM. He has taught or been teaching graduate level courses related to photovoltaics, fuel cells, electrolysis and batteries, and has published more than 50 journal and conference papers. With funding supports from National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia), DOE's Solar ABCs and local utility companies, Dr. Mani's applied research group currently focuses on the performance and reliability issues of photovoltaic modules and systems.

Joseph Kuitche: Mr. Kuitche is the head of the operation group of TUV Rheinland PTL managing several tens of engineering staff. He worked for the Arizona State University-Photovoltaic Testing Laboratory (ASU-PTL) over 7 years and has an extensive experience in the accelerated testing and outdoor exposure testing of PV modules. Mr. Kuitche has published several peer reviewed papers and is an expert in the statistical reliability models. Mr. Kuitche has an MS degree in physics, an MS degree in computer engineering technology and pursuing his Ph.D. degree in the area of photovoltaic reliability at Arizona State University.

Tutorial 4, 2:00 PM – 5:00 PM, Nov. 8^th

Course Description
Solar cell is the energy converting device that absorbs light energy from the sun and creates electrical energy. To accomplish this role, it is generally designed in the shape of pn diode using various kinds of semiconductor materials. This tutorial gives an introduction to understand the phenomena occurring in solar cells which encompass absorption of light in the cell, carrier generation, and collection of the carrier. Together with these, the physical meaning of important parameters, such as short circuit current, open circuit voltage, fill factor, which estimate the quality of the solar cells, are briefly explained.

Instructor Biography
Jeong Kim is presently an associate professor in the Department of Electronics Engineering at Sejong University. He received his Ph. D in physics from Seoul National University. His research topic is development and characterization of crystalline silicon solar cells.

Course Description
The understanding of the electrical and the optical behavior of solar cells is essential to improve the existing devices and develop the new ones. Many simulation tools have been developed to analyze the devices, understand the internal device operation, optimize the device design and structural parameters, and prospect the new devices before real fabrication. This tutorial gives a brief introduction to the simulation tools such as PC1D, ASA and AFORS-HET for crystalline Si, thin film Si and heterojunction solar cells, respectively. Basics of simulation process for each tool will be presented.

Instructor Biography
Young-Joo Eo is presently a Chief Research Engineer in Solar Energy Gr. at Device & Materials Lab., LG Electronics. He received his Ph.D degree in Materials Science and Engineering at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). His research topic is development of thin film Si solar cells.

Tutorial 5 : Nonostructures in Photovoltaics, 2:00 PM – 5:00 PM, Nov. 8^th

Course Description
The very significant advances in engineering Si and GaAs based solar cells have resulted in nearly eliminating the efficiency differences between actual devices and realistic theoretical estimates. Over the past decade much of the cell efficiency improvements have resulted from the move towards multi-junction devices. Researchers are now looking at how nanotechnology can enable completely new types of photovoltaic devices to be made. Recent breakthroughs indicate that useful phenomena, such as carrier multiplication, can occur efficiently in certain nanostructured materials, offering an opportunity to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. We will review the basic principles associated with quantum confined nanomaterials and the photovoltaic device structures where they are applied. A brief summary of the synthesis and characterization associated with these materials will be provided. We will conclude with a review of recent devices results and identify where the present challenges lie in the field

Instructor Biography
Dr. N. J. Ekins-Daukes was awarded his Ph.D. in Solid State Physics from Imperial College London, U.K. for his work on the application of strain-balanced quantum wells in photovoltaic devices. He subsequently worked at the Toyota Technological Institute in Japan on multi-junction lll-V and intermediate band solar cells. He then moved to Australia working at the University of Sydney on 3rd generation photovoltaic devices and was also a visiting research fellow at the University of New South Wales. He returned to England in 2007 and is a lecturer in Physics at Imperial College London, U.K.